Kristina Zucchi is an investment analyst and financial writer with 15+ years of experience managing portfolios and conducting equity research. Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois ...

In the investment world, it’s common to discuss average rates of return. It’s not sufficient, however, to simply add up historical returns and divide by how many there are. The proper way to calculate ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

A. M. Fink and Max Jodeit, Jr. It is shown that the arithmetic mean of $x_1 w_1,\ldots, x_n w_n$ exceeds the geometric mean of $x_1,\ldots, x_n$ unless all the $x$'s ...

The simple definition of a mean is that of a numeric quantity which represents the center of a collection of numbers. Here the trick lies in defining the exact type of numeric collection, as beyond ...

Symplectic geometry is a relatively new field with implications for much of modern mathematics. Here’s what it’s all about. In the early 1800s, William Rowan Hamilton discovered a new kind of ...

The Langlands program has inspired and befuddled mathematicians for more than 50 years. A major advance has now opened up new worlds for them to explore One of the biggest stories in science has been ...