In the double helix structure of DNA, thymine forms a base pair with adenine through two hydrogen bonds. This specific pairing is known as complementary base pairing and is essential for the stability ...

When people think of DNA, they visualize a string-like double helix structure. In reality, the DNA double helix in cells is supercoiled and constrained into loops. This supercoiling and looping are ...

This image depicts the chemical structure of cytosine. It shows a hexagonal ring with nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and a primary amine group attached to carbon 4. The two remaining positions ...

Neurons are the anatomical and functional unit of the nervous system, regulating both vital functions and higher functions. Among the very few cells in the body that do not regenerate, these cells ...

For decades, biology textbooks taught that DNA’s story could be told with a single image: two elegant strands twisting in a ...

Proteins are essential biological molecules that perform a vast array of functions crucial for life, from catalyzing ...

Scientists have uncovered mechanisms underlying the activation of the MRN complex -- the cell's DNA scissors. Using purified yeast proteins, they demonstrated that phosphorylation of Ctp1, a homolog ...

Supercoiling and looping can transmit mechanical stress along the DNA backbone that can promote the separation of the strands of the double helix at specific distant sites, exposing the DNA bases, ...