There are many industrial applications, such as programmable logic controllers, that require efficient, low cost, step-down power conversion over a wide range of voltage levels. This paper discusses ...

The programmable logic controller (PLC) is a microprocessor-based system that accepts input data from switches and sensors, processes that data by making decisions in accordance with a stored program, ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. One of the key parts of automation is observing variation, and a process’ ability to control it. Reducing variation ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...