This application note tackles on how to protect analog output circuits and why they should be protected. As one of the necessary components in the system’s performance, analog output circuits should ...

Editor’s note: This article presents a good basic tutorial that will discuss several simple and low cost, but effective solutions for isolation of temperature sensors using optical couplers and ...

I have wanted to make a pulse generator for years. I know you can buy perfectly good ones, but not if you want non-overlapping outputs to drive the mosfets in synchronous-rectified dc-dc converters.

A fundamental goal of synthetic biology is to predictably and efficiently reprogram cells to perform computations and carry out specific biological tasks 1. Cells genetically engineered with ...

We can summarize the rules for circuit sizing and overcurrent protection of PV circuits as follows: Conductor ampacity before correction and adjustment. PV circuit conductors must have an ampacity of ...

For a long time, I have thought that pulse generator outputs should not have adjustable amplitude and offset. Instead, they should have an adjustable top value and a separately adjustable bottom value ...

Electronic gizmos and living cells alike can process signals, turning inputs into outputs—even recognizing when gray-area signaling is dark enough, or light enough, to justify decisions that are, well ...

Block diagrams can be written, usually in boxes, with the headings input, process, and output. When planning how a circuit will function, these headings are then used to plan what the input, process ...

Article 690 covers solar installations, except large-scale ones (those are covered in Article 691) [Sec. 690.1], as shown in Fig. 1. There are three important definitions: “Photovoltaic (PV) system” ...