APDs (avalanche photodiodes) or APDs, are common components in laser-based fiber-optic systems for converting optical data into electrical form. The bias voltage and current measurement requirements ...

The circuit design was intended to create an adjustable power supply over a range of 1.3V to 12.2V at 1A and be able to provide protection for over-current by utilizing LM723 regulator. LM723 – a ...

If you work on simple digital projects, just about any bench supply will offer the voltage and current you’re looking for. However, if you’re working with valves, you’ll often ...

Part 1 of this series focuses on high-performance electronic loads for testing power supplies that have low output voltage and high current. It describes the necessity for special electronic loads, ...

Designs that need to measure small signals riding on high-voltage power rails suggest the use of isolation devices. However, a high-common-mode-voltage instrumentation amplifier used with a ...

Switch-mode power supplies are ubiquitous. Standard off-the-shelf modules in a consistent range of form factors available from multiple manufacturers. Globalized manufacturing and trade has turned ...

Electrical current is electrical charge transferred in a particular time. These three properties can be calculated using the equation Q=It. Current can be a.c. or d.c. Revise: Potential differences ...