Note: The requirements outlined in this article are based on the 2011 edition of the NEC. Article 690, which consists of nine parts, provides electrical requirements for photovoltaic (PV) systems.

You must provide ground fault protection for DC photovoltaic (PV) arrays. But you don’t have to, if they are ground- or pole-mounted PV arrays with not more than two source circuits isolated from ...

An international group of researchers has developed an electronic device that is said to effectively mitigate hotspots in PV modules. It uses two current comparators, two NPN transistors, and a ...

This breakthrough enables designers to optimise space inside combiner boxes, inverters, and other equipment while maintaining robust protection for next-generation PV installations. These fuses have ...

Scientists have utilized a device based on the Duffing oscillator to solve the problem of PV systems’ low efficiency at low input voltages at dawn and sunset. Its performance was reportedly better ...

Toshiba is in volume production of a photovoltaic output photocoupler with an enhanced open-circuit voltage suitable for gating high-voltage power MOSFETs commonly used in solid-state relays (SSRs).

TOKYO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation ("Toshiba") has launched “TLP3910,” a photovoltaic-output photocoupler (“photovoltaic coupler”) housed in a thin SO6L package, ...

The potential for clean, carbon-free electricity generation from solar photovoltaic (PV) sources in most countries dwarfs their current electricity demand. Around 20% of the global population lives in ...