For nearly a century, scientists have understood how crystalline materials—such as metals and semiconductors—bend without ...

In this video, we explore line integrals in polar coordinates, a key concept in mathematical physics. I’ll guide you through how to set up and evaluate line integrals in polar systems, including ...

The questions in this quiz are suitable for GCSE physics students studying scalar quantities, vector quantities and calculations involving forces. If you struggled with the quiz, don't panic - we've ...

We can't say because there is insufficient information. A direction is required before we can describe the force properly. Displacement is a distance and a direction, eg \(170m\) south. Velocity is a ...

AN excellent introduction to the subject of vector analysis is provided by this book. It is admirably clear, and a natural temptation to develop so fertile a theory in excessive detail and to multiply ...