Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) refers to a flushing of the bladder with sterile fluid. It can help prevent clots and blood retention after prostate or bladder surgery. It is not usually painful ...

Background Irrigation or washouts of the bladder are usually performed in various clinical settings. In the 1980s Elliot and colleagues argued that urothelial damage could occur after washouts and ...

An 85 year-old Caucasian man, affected by chronic renal failure, had been undergoing hemodialysis treatments three times a week for the previous three years. His fluid intake was controlled and he was ...