Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

David Kwong, the magician, branches out with a festive Sunday puzzle.

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

"One of the weapons originating from the Two Fingers. A formless sequence of ciphers comprise its blade, and as such no shield can repel it. Deals holy damage. The furtive inscription appears to hang ...

You may think you are eating to be kind to your waistline - but think again. The McDonald's Caesar salad, to be launched this month amid concern over spiralling obesity levels, is more fattening than ...

Jennifer Simonson is a business journalist with a decade of experience covering entrepreneurship and small business. Drawing on her background as a founder of multiple startups, she writes for Forbes ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more ...

Glenn Corn is a former Senior Executive in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who worked for 34 years in the U.S. Intelligence, Defense, and Foreign Affairs communities. During his career with CIA, ...

A versatile and user-friendly encryption tool that lets you secure your text using a wide range of encryption methods—from basic ciphers to military-grade AES. Ideal for learning, experimenting, and ...