President Donald Trump signed the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act this summer, but the legislation’s staggered nature means its full impact will not be seen for several years. Trump and his Republican allies have championed the law because most Americans will continue to pay less in federal income taxes.

While the OBBBA did make some major changes to benefits eligibility for immigrants, other restrictions also remain in effect for new green card holders, with a five-year wait time for access to Social Security, Medicaid, CHIP, SNAP, and TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) benefits.

Tucked in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act is language the Trump administration hopes will allow border officials to detain illegal immigrants indefinitely, as its authority to do so makes its way through the courts.