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  1. Crust - National Geographic Society

    Jun 5, 2025 · Earth's crust is generally divided into older, thicker continental crust and younger, denser oceanic crust. The dynamic geology of Earth's crust is informed by plate tectonics.

  2. Ocean Trench - Education

    Nov 29, 2023 · The oceanic side is dominated by thick sedimentary rocks, while the continental side generally has a more igneous and metamorphic composition. Some of the most familiar ocean …

  3. Seafloor Spreading - Education

    Nov 29, 2023 · An active plate margin is an actual plate boundary, where oceanic crust and continental crust crash into each other. Active plate margins are often the site of earthquakes and volcanoes.

  4. Lithosphere - National Geographic Society

    Nov 29, 2023 · There are two types of lithosphere: oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere. Oceanic lithosphere is associated with oceanic crust, and is slightly denser than continental lithosphere.

  5. Plate Tectonics - Education

    May 30, 2025 · Oceanic and continental plates come together, spread apart and interact at boundaries all over the planet. Each type of plate boundary generates distinct geologic processes and …

  6. Plate Boundaries - National Geographic Society

    May 30, 2025 · For example, sections of Earth’s crust can come together and collide (a “convergent” plate boundary), spread apart (a “divergent” plate boundary), or slide past one another (a “transform” …

  7. Lithosphere - National Geographic Society

    Nov 29, 2023 · What they have found varies widely, from a thinner, crust-deep boundary at ocean ridges to thick, 200-kilometer (124-mile) boundary beneath cratons, the oldest and most stable parts of …

  8. Earth - National Geographic Society

    The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. Each layer has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life …

  9. Rift Valley - Education

    Jan 4, 2024 · As tectonic plates move away from one another at mid-ocean ridges, molten rock from the mantle may well up and harden as it contacts the frigid sea, forming new oceanic crust at the bottom …

  10. Continental Drift versus Plate Tectonics - Education

    Mar 7, 2024 · According to this theory, Earth’s crust is broken into roughly 20 sections called tectonic plates on which the continents ride. When these plates press together and then move suddenly, …